Minerals calculator

Free (Unbound) Copper

Copper not bound to ceruloplasmin — the fraction implicated in oxidative stress. Both inputs can sit inside their reference ranges while this one doesn't.

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How this is worked out. Serum copper minus 3.15 × ceruloplasmin — 3.15 µg of copper is carried per mg of ceruloplasmin. The long-standing calculation used in Wilson disease screening.
Result in µg/dL. Roughly 5–15 is the usual target. A negative result is common and simply means the two assays disagree slightly at low free copper — it is not a problem. Persistently high free copper with neurological or liver symptoms in a younger person needs a proper Wilson's disease workup, not a supplement change.

The bands on this page

ResultWhat it is called here
under 5Low–normal free copper
5 to 15Normal
15 to 25Elevated — worth repeating and reviewing intake
over 25High — discuss with a clinician

What goes in, and where each number comes from

Every input is a real test. Follow one to see its normal range, its optimal range and what moves it — the calculation is only as good as the numbers you feed it.

What it costs to actually get these numbers

The 2 tests on their own$48.60
The cheapest panel that covers them — High-Dose Zinc & the Copper It Costs (6 markers)$108.45
Order the tests, not the panel. This calculation needs 2 results, and buying them individually is $59.85 cheaper than the smallest panel that happens to contain them. The panel is worth it only if you want the other 4 markers on it too.
Order High-Dose Zinc & the Copper It Costs →

Prices are Marek Diagnostics with the 10% code already applied, and they are what was filed when this page was built — check the cart. Ordering through these links pays a commission at no cost to you.

What could have moved the measurement, not the marker

A wrong number and a real change look identical on a report. These are the reasons a result here can be an artifact of how the blood was drawn or run, and they are worth ruling out before anything else.

prepTrace-element contamination of the tube

Trace-metal analytes pick up contamination from ordinary collection tubes and from skin. It is one of the few results that can be wrong purely because of the plastic it sat in.

What to do: Confirm the lab is using a trace-element (royal blue top) tube before accepting a surprising result.

drugZinc supplementation

Sustained high-dose zinc induces a gut protein that binds copper and carries it out — producing a genuine copper deficiency that presents as anemia and, eventually, irreversible nerve damage.

What to do: If you take zinc long-term, this is the marker to watch, and this is the reason why.

drugEstrogen and pregnancy

Both raise ceruloplasmin substantially, which raises total copper with it.

What to do: Note hormonal status; otherwise a normal person looks copper-loaded.

stateInflammation, estrogen and pregnancy

Copper is carried on ceruloplasmin, an acute-phase reactant. Inflammation, the pill and pregnancy all raise serum copper without any change in copper status.

What to do: Read alongside ceruloplasmin and CRP.

1 more interferences are listed on the marker pages themselves: Copper, Serum · Ceruloplasmin.

This tool does not diagnose anything. It puts a number next to a published interval and shows the arithmetic that got there. It cannot see your symptoms, your medications, your history or the assay your lab ran. A result outside the outer bounds belongs in front of a clinician, not in a supplement search.

Where to go with this

Read one of these results on its ownType a value, pick your units and sex, and see where it sits and what could have moved it.The High-Dose Zinc & the Copper It Costs6 markers, $108.45 with the code — what it settles and what it does not.Every marker on this site103 markers, each with the normal range, the optimal range and what moves it.